To further maintain the healthy status of workers, digital biomarkers are used to detect their strengths and mental limitation, thus the work content (workload, work pace, etc.) can be adjusted accordingly. In our approach, the Polar OH1 wearable sensor is deployed to monitor the heart rate of the operator during his production shift. By analyzing the Heart Rate Variability, his physiological changes can be under close observation. The aim is to design the physical workload (production activity) and cognitive workload (mental effort) to personally suit the ability of the worker.

In combination with data from the indoor positioning system, customized service can be brought to the place where the worker is in a timely manner. Better allocation of production resources can also be made, that fits to his personal work plan (such as work shifts, rest breaks, overtime). Our latest paper in this topic: Heart Rate Variability Measurement to Assess Work-Related Stress of Physical Workers in Manufacturing Industries - Protocol for a Systematic Literature Review

The development trend of system integration in the manufacturing industry is to achieve standardization. ISA-95 is one of the essential standards in enterprise-control system integration and serves as a highly utilised basis for design Industry 4.0. The Personnel model contains information about the Class type of person in the enterprise, such as a production manager or operator; the Property as seniority, position, or division; and Qualification such as a particular task or position of the Personnel. Our latest paper in this topic: Human-centered knowledge graph-based design concept for collaborative manufacturing

Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and head-mounted devices play a pivotal role in facilitating learning and decision-making for operators in the realm of novel maintenance processes. Smart devices leverage IoT to reduce uncertainties by providing real-time insights into machinery performance, enabling proactive maintenance approaches. The synergy between operators and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) fosters seamless collaboration and information exchange. The physical workplace requires a strategic redesign to accommodate human-machine symbiosis, creating an environment where operators and intelligent technologies collaborate seamlessly. In essence, Maintenance Operator 4.0 envisions a future where technology empowers operators, facilitates informed decision-making, and transforms maintenance into proactive, data-driven endeavors. Maintenance Operator 4.0 is properly equipped to assess and prioritize maintenance needs based on potential risks. Hence, it aligns seamlessly with the principles of risk-based maintenance.